Effect of resin modification on the impact strength of glass-polyester composites

M. Barcikowski; W. Królikowski

Published : 2013-06-30

Vol. 58 No. 6 (2013)

Effect of resin modification on the impact strength of glass-polyester composites

M. Barcikowski W. Królikowski

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) are nowadays used commonly for constructions subjected to impacts of different energies and velocities, therefore the problem of their impact resistance is very important. One of the methods to improve impact properties of the composites is resin modification with elastomeric phase. In this study the effect of resins addition on properties of composites of unsaturated polyester (UP) resins with glass fibers was investigated. At the first stage, the properties of Polimal 109-32K UP resin modified by the addition of reactive liquid rubbers were tested. The wettability of glass fibers by resin compositions was also tested. Composites were then prepared with the addition of 2 and 6 phr of epoxy or vinyl terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers (ETBN or VTBN, respectively), as well as 5 and 15 wt. % of Polimal 150 elastic UP resin. These composites were subjected to mechanical tests. Impact properties were tested using Charpy method, as well as by a ballistic impact using a gas gun. After the ballistic impact, damage extent and residual strength as well as water leakage through the composites were evaluated. The damage was also investigated under a microscope. The damage extent was confirmed to be linearly dependent on the impact energy. The addition of rubber was found to decrease the damage extent and increase post-impact residual strength, as well as decrease water leakage rate.

Keywords

kompozyty polimerowe ; laminaty poliestrowo-szklane ; modyfikacja żywicy ; ciekłe kauczuki reaktywne ; udarność ; udar balistyczny ; wytrzymałość poudarowa polymer composites ; glass-polyester laminates ; resin toughening ; reactive liquid rubbers ; impact strength ; ballistic impact ; residual strength

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

PDF

Zasady cytowania

Barcikowski, M., & Królikowski, W. (2013). Effect of resin modification on the impact strength of glass-polyester composites. Polimery, 58(6), 450–460. Retrieved from https://polimery.ichp.vot.pl/index.php/p/article/view/751

References

Sultan J. N., McGarry F. J.: J. Polym. Sci. 1973, 13, 29.

[2] Ozturk A., Kaynak C., Tincer T.: Eur. Polym. J. 2001, 37, 2356.

[3] Chikhi N., Fellahi S., Bakar M.: Eur. Polym. J. 2002, 38, 251.

[4] Kinloch A. J., Shaw S. J., Tod D. A., Hunston D. L.: Polymer 1983, 24, 1341.

[5] Kinloch A. J., Shaw S. J., Tod D. A., Hunston D. L.: Polymer 1983, 24, 1355.

[6] Kinloch A. J., Mohammed R. D., Taylor A. C., Eger C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40, 5083.

[7] Kinloch A. J., Mohammed R. D., Taylor A. C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2006, 41, 5043.

[8] Kinloch A. J., Masania K., Taylor A. C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43, 1151.

[9] Abadyan M., Bagheri R., Kouchakzadeh M. A., Hosseini Kordkheili S. A.: Mater. Design 2011, 32, 2900.

[10] Varley R. J.: Polym. Int. 2004, 53, 78.

[11] Bascom W. D., Ting R. Y., Moulton R. J., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 1981, 16, 2657.

[12] Yee A. F., Pearson R. A.: J. Mater. Sci. 1986, 21, 2462.

[13] Pearson R. A., Yee A. F.: J. Mater. Sci. 1986, 21, 2475.

[14] Huang Y., Kinloch A. J.: J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 2753.

[15] Huang Y., Kinloch A. J.: J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 2763.

[16] Scott J. M., Phillips D. C.: J. Mater. Sci. 1975, 10, 551.

[17] Bascom W. D., Cottington R. L., Jones R. L., Peyser P.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1975, 19, 2545.

[18] Imanaka M., Motohashi S., Nishi K., et al.: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2009, 29, 45.

[19] Kostański L. K., Królikowski W.: Int. Polym. Sci. Tech. 1985, 12, T/131.

[20] Crosbie G. A., Phillips M. G.: J. Mater. Sci. 1985, 20, 182.

[21] Crosbie G. A., Phillips M. G.: J. Mater. Sci. 1985, 20, 563.

[22] „Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia” (Ed. Salamone J. C.), CRC Press, 1996, pp. 8486—8488.

[23] „Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia” (Ed. Salamone J. C.), CRC Press, 1996, pp. 8489—8496.

[24] Robinette E. J., Ziaee S., Palmese G. R.: Polymer 2004, 45, 6143.

[25] Ullet J. S., Chartoff R. P.: Polym. Eng. Sci. 1995, 35, 1086.

[26] Tong S.-N., Wu P. T. K.: J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 1990, 9, 299.

[27] Park C.-E.: Polymer (Korea) 1990, 14, 266.

[28] Pham S., Burchill P. J.: Polymer 1995, 36, 3279.

[29] „Rubber-Toughened Plastics. Advances in Chemistry Vol. 222 ” (Ed. Riew C. K.), American Chemical Society, 1989, pp. 375—388.

[30] Dreerman E., Narkis M., Siegmann A., Joseph R., et al.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 72, 647.

[31] Abrate S.: „Impact on composite structures”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.

[32] Kusaka T., Hojo M., Mai Y.-W., Kurokawa T., et al.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 591.

[33] Naik N. K., Shrirao P.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 66, 579.

[34] Cheeseman B. A., Bogetti T. A.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 161.

[35] Olsson R.: Compos. A 2000, 31, 879.

[36] Bland P. W., Dear J. P.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 1217.

[37] Cantwell W. J., Morton J.: Composites 1991, 22, 347.

[38] Mines R. A. W., Roach A. M., Jones N.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1999, 22, 561.

[39] Hetherington J. G.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1996, 18, 319.

[40] Naik N. K., Shrirao P., Reddy B. C. K.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2006, 32, 1521.

[41] Kang T. J., Kim C.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 773.

[42] Morye S. S., Hine P. J., Duckett R. A., et al.: Compos. A 1999, 30, 649.

[43] Morye S. S., Hine P. J., Duckett R. A., et al.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 2631.

[44] Liu D., Raju B. B., Dang X.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1998, 21, 837.

[45] López-Puente J., Zaera R., Navarro C.: Compos. B 2002, 33, 559.

[46] Aktaþ M., Atas C., Ýçten B. M., Karakuzu R.: Compos. Struct. 2009, 87, 307.

[47] Gama B. A., Gillespie Jr. J. W.: Compos. Struct. 2008, 86, 356.

[48] Iannucci L., Dechaene R., Willows M., Degrieck J.: Comput. Struct. 2001, 79, 785.

[49] Franz T., Nurick G. N., Perry M. J.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2002, 27, 639.

[50] Walter T. R., Subhash G., Sankar B. V., Yen C. F.: Compos. B 2009, 40, 584.

[51] Zee R. H., Hsieh C. Y.: Polym. Compos. 1993, 14, 265.

[52] Woodward R. L., Egglestone G. T., Baxter B. J., Challis K.: Polym. Eng. 1994, 4, 329.

[53] Bourke P.: „Ballistic impact on composite armour”, Cranfield University, submitted for the award of PhD, 2007.

[54] Zhou G.: Compos. Struct. 1998, 42, 375.

[55] Reis L., de Freitas M.: Compos. Struct. 1997, 38, 509.

[56] Hosur M. V., Karim M. R., Jeelani S.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 89.

[57] Mouritz A. P., Gallagher J., Goodwin A. A.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1997, 57, 509.

[58] da Silva Junior J. E. L., Paciornik S., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 64, 123.

[59] Sjögren A., Krasnikovs A., Varna J.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 1237.

[60] Schrauwen B., Peijs T.: Appl. Compos. Mater. 2002, 9, 331.

[61] Kang T.-J., Kim C.: Fiber Polym. 2000, 1, 45.

[62] de Freitas M., Silva A., Reis L.: Compos. B 2000, 31, 199.

[63] Mouritz A. P.: Compos. B 2001, 32, 431.

[64] Mitrevski T., Marshall I. H., Thomson R., et al.: Compos. Struct. 2005, 67, 139.

[65] Davies G. A. O., Hitchings D.,Wang. J.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 1.

[66] „ICCM/9 Composites Properties and Applications Volume VI” (Ed. Miravette A.), University of Zaragoza, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Zaragoza (Hiszpania) — Abington (Anglia) 1993, pp. 15—21.

[67] da Silva Jr J. E. L., Paciornik S., Almeida J. R. M.: Polym. Test. 2004, 23, 599.

[68] Kim J.-K., Sham M.-L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 745.

[69] Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M. O.W.: Compos. Struct. 2007, 81, 195.

[70]Will M. A., Franz T., Nurick G. N.: Compos. Struct. 2002, 58, 259.

[71] Sabet A. R., Beheshty M. H., Rahimi H.: Polym. Compos. 2008, 29, 932.

[72] Piggot M. R.: „Load Bearing Fibre Composites”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham 2002.

[73] Shim V. P.W., Yang L. M.: Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2005, 47, 647.

[74] Hirai Y., Hamada H., Kim J.-K.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 91.

[75] Imielińska K., Castaings M., Wojtyra R., Haras J., et al.: J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 2004, 157—158, 513.

[76] Prichard J. C., Hogg P. J.: Composites 1990, 21, 503.

[77] Imielińska K., Guillaumat L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 64, 2271.

[78] Shyr T.-W., Pan Y.-H.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 62, 193.

[79] Walker L., Sohn M. S., Hu X.-Z.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 893.

[80] Gu B., Xu J.: Compos. B 2004, 35, 291.

[81] Tanoglu M., Tugrul Seyhan A.: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2003, 23, 1.

[82] Park R., Jang J.: Polym. Test. 2003, 22, 939.

[83] Hammond R. I., ProudW. G., Goldrein H. T., Field J. E.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2004, 30, 69.

[84] Nunes L. M., Paciornik S., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 64, 945.

[85] DeLuca E., Prifti J., BetheneyW., Chou S. C.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 1453.

[86] Kim J.-K., Sham M.-L., Sohn M.-S., Hamada H.: Polymer 2001, 42, 7455.

[87] Schoeppner G. A., Abrate S.: Compos. A 2000, 31, 903.

[88] Cartié D. D. R., Irving P. E.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 483.

[89] Larsson F., Svensson L.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 221.

[90] Hosur M. V., Vaidya U. K., Ulven C., Jeelani S.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 64, 455.

[91] Lopresto V., Melito V., Leone C., Caprino G.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66, 206.

[92] Chambers A. R., Mowlem M. C., Dokos L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 1235.

[93] Corum J. M., Battiste R. L., Ruggles-Wrenn M. B.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003, 63, 755.

[94] Okafor A. C., Otieno A.W., Dutta A., Rao V. S.: Compos. Struct. 2001, 54, 289.

[95] Asp L. E., Juntikka R.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 1478.

[96] Findik F., Tarim N.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 187.

[97] Tarim N., Findik F., Uzun H.: Compos. Struct. 2002, 56, 13.

[98] Zhou G.: Compos. Struct. 1996, 35, 171.

[99] Tai N. H., Yip M. C., Lin J. L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 1.

[100] de Freitas M., Reis L.: Compos. Struct. 1998, 42, 365.

[101] Bibo G. A., Hogg P. J., Kemp M.: Composites 1995, 26, 91.

[102] Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M. O.W.: Compos. A 2005, 36, 1073.

[103] Gao S.-L., Kim J.-K.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 775.

[104] Kinsey A., Saunders D. E. J., Soutis C.: Composites 1995, 26, 661.

[105] Luo R. K., Green E. R., Morrison C. J.: Compos. B 2001, 32, 513.

[106] Luo R. K.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 49.

[107] de Morais W. A., Monteiro S. N., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Struct. 2005, 67, 307.

[108] Kang K.-W., Kim J.-K.: Compos. A 2004, 35, 529.

[109] Jenq S. T.,Wang S. B., Sheu L. T.: J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 1992, 11, 1127.

[110] Santulli C.:NDT&E International 2001, 34, 531.

[111] Wang S.-X.,Wu L.-Z., Ma L.: Mater. Design. 2010, 31, 118.

[112] Hou J. P., Jerominidis G.: Compos. A2000, 31, 121.

[113] „Materiały Polimerowe ‘2010" (Ed. Spychaj T., Spychaj S.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 105—110.

[114] ”Materiały Polimerowe ‘2010” (Ed. Spychaj T., Spychaj S.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 101—104.

[115] „Inwestycja w wiedzê” (Ed. Błasiak-Grudzień R.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 357—362.

[116] „Polimery i kompozyty konstrukcyjne” (Ed. Wróbel G.), Gliwice 2011, pp. 15—23.

[118] „13th Conference Applied Mechanics 2011” (Ed. Luboš Náhlík), Brno 2011, pp. 15—18.

[119] Barcikowski M., Semczyszyn B.: Kompozyty 2011, 11, 235.

[120] Gibbs & Cox, Inc. Naval Architects and Marine Engineers ”Marine Design Manual For Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics", McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York—Toronto—London 1960.

[121] Królikowski W.: ”Einige Eigenschaften der mischverstärkten Polyester-Konstruktionsplatten, besonders bei Zug- und Kugelschlag-Beanspruchung” I Internationale Tagung über Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe und Epoxydharze, 22—27.03.1965 Berlin-Adlershof, E 4/1-E 4/12.

Remove [1] Sultan J. N., McGarry F. J.: J. Polym. Sci. 1973, 13, 29.

[2] Ozturk A., Kaynak C., Tincer T.: Eur. Polym. J. 2001, 37, 2356.

[3] Chikhi N., Fellahi S., Bakar M.: Eur. Polym. J. 2002, 38, 251.

[4] Kinloch A. J., Shaw S. J., Tod D. A., Hunston D. L.: Polymer 1983, 24, 1341.

[5] Kinloch A. J., Shaw S. J., Tod D. A., Hunston D. L.: Polymer 1983, 24, 1355.

[6] Kinloch A. J., Mohammed R. D., Taylor A. C., Eger C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40, 5083.

[7] Kinloch A. J., Mohammed R. D., Taylor A. C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2006, 41, 5043.

[8] Kinloch A. J., Masania K., Taylor A. C., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43, 1151.

[9] Abadyan M., Bagheri R., Kouchakzadeh M. A., Hosseini Kordkheili S. A.: Mater. Design 2011, 32, 2900.

[10] Varley R. J.: Polym. Int. 2004, 53, 78.

[11] Bascom W. D., Ting R. Y., Moulton R. J., et al.: J. Mater. Sci. 1981, 16, 2657.

[12] Yee A. F., Pearson R. A.: J. Mater. Sci. 1986, 21, 2462.

[13] Pearson R. A., Yee A. F.: J. Mater. Sci. 1986, 21, 2475.

[14] Huang Y., Kinloch A. J.: J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 2753.

[15] Huang Y., Kinloch A. J.: J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 2763.

[16] Scott J. M., Phillips D. C.: J. Mater. Sci. 1975, 10, 551.

[17] Bascom W. D., Cottington R. L., Jones R. L., Peyser P.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1975, 19, 2545.

[18] Imanaka M., Motohashi S., Nishi K., et al.: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2009, 29, 45.

[19] Kostański L. K., Królikowski W.: Int. Polym. Sci. Tech. 1985, 12, T/131.

[20] Crosbie G. A., Phillips M. G.: J. Mater. Sci. 1985, 20, 182.

[21] Crosbie G. A., Phillips M. G.: J. Mater. Sci. 1985, 20, 563.

[22] „Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia” (Ed. Salamone J. C.), CRC Press, 1996, pp. 8486—8488.

[23] „Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia” (Ed. Salamone J. C.), CRC Press, 1996, pp. 8489—8496.

[24] Robinette E. J., Ziaee S., Palmese G. R.: Polymer 2004, 45, 6143.

[25] Ullet J. S., Chartoff R. P.: Polym. Eng. Sci. 1995, 35, 1086.

[26] Tong S.-N., Wu P. T. K.: J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 1990, 9, 299.

[27] Park C.-E.: Polymer (Korea) 1990, 14, 266.

[28] Pham S., Burchill P. J.: Polymer 1995, 36, 3279.

[29] „Rubber-Toughened Plastics. Advances in Chemistry Vol. 222 ” (Ed. Riew C. K.), American Chemical Society, 1989, pp. 375—388.

[30] Dreerman E., Narkis M., Siegmann A., Joseph R., et al.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 72, 647.

[31] Abrate S.: „Impact on composite structures”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.

[32] Kusaka T., Hojo M., Mai Y.-W., Kurokawa T., et al.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 591.

[33] Naik N. K., Shrirao P.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 66, 579.

[34] Cheeseman B. A., Bogetti T. A.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 161.

[35] Olsson R.: Compos. A 2000, 31, 879.

[36] Bland P. W., Dear J. P.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 1217.

[37] Cantwell W. J., Morton J.: Composites 1991, 22, 347.

[38] Mines R. A. W., Roach A. M., Jones N.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1999, 22, 561.

[39] Hetherington J. G.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1996, 18, 319.

[40] Naik N. K., Shrirao P., Reddy B. C. K.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2006, 32, 1521.

[41] Kang T. J., Kim C.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 773.

[42] Morye S. S., Hine P. J., Duckett R. A., et al.: Compos. A 1999, 30, 649.

[43] Morye S. S., Hine P. J., Duckett R. A., et al.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 2631.

[44] Liu D., Raju B. B., Dang X.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 1998, 21, 837.

[45] López-Puente J., Zaera R., Navarro C.: Compos. B 2002, 33, 559.

[46] Aktaþ M., Atas C., Ýçten B. M., Karakuzu R.: Compos. Struct. 2009, 87, 307.

[47] Gama B. A., Gillespie Jr. J. W.: Compos. Struct. 2008, 86, 356.

[48] Iannucci L., Dechaene R., Willows M., Degrieck J.: Comput. Struct. 2001, 79, 785.

[49] Franz T., Nurick G. N., Perry M. J.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2002, 27, 639.

[50] Walter T. R., Subhash G., Sankar B. V., Yen C. F.: Compos. B 2009, 40, 584.

[51] Zee R. H., Hsieh C. Y.: Polym. Compos. 1993, 14, 265.

[52] Woodward R. L., Egglestone G. T., Baxter B. J., Challis K.: Polym. Eng. 1994, 4, 329.

[53] Bourke P.: „Ballistic impact on composite armour”, Cranfield University, submitted for the award of PhD, 2007.

[54] Zhou G.: Compos. Struct. 1998, 42, 375.

[55] Reis L., de Freitas M.: Compos. Struct. 1997, 38, 509.

[56] Hosur M. V., Karim M. R., Jeelani S.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 89.

[57] Mouritz A. P., Gallagher J., Goodwin A. A.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1997, 57, 509.

[58] da Silva Junior J. E. L., Paciornik S., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 64, 123.

[59] Sjögren A., Krasnikovs A., Varna J.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 1237.

[60] Schrauwen B., Peijs T.: Appl. Compos. Mater. 2002, 9, 331.

[61] Kang T.-J., Kim C.: Fiber Polym. 2000, 1, 45.

[62] de Freitas M., Silva A., Reis L.: Compos. B 2000, 31, 199.

[63] Mouritz A. P.: Compos. B 2001, 32, 431.

[64] Mitrevski T., Marshall I. H., Thomson R., et al.: Compos. Struct. 2005, 67, 139.

[65] Davies G. A. O., Hitchings D.,Wang. J.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 1.

[66] „ICCM/9 Composites Properties and Applications Volume VI” (Ed. Miravette A.), University of Zaragoza, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Zaragoza (Hiszpania) — Abington (Anglia) 1993, pp. 15—21.

[67] da Silva Jr J. E. L., Paciornik S., Almeida J. R. M.: Polym. Test. 2004, 23, 599.

[68] Kim J.-K., Sham M.-L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 745.

[69] Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M. O.W.: Compos. Struct. 2007, 81, 195.

[70]Will M. A., Franz T., Nurick G. N.: Compos. Struct. 2002, 58, 259.

[71] Sabet A. R., Beheshty M. H., Rahimi H.: Polym. Compos. 2008, 29, 932.

[72] Piggot M. R.: „Load Bearing Fibre Composites”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Hingham 2002.

[73] Shim V. P.W., Yang L. M.: Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2005, 47, 647.

[74] Hirai Y., Hamada H., Kim J.-K.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 91.

[75] Imielińska K., Castaings M., Wojtyra R., Haras J., et al.: J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 2004, 157—158, 513.

[76] Prichard J. C., Hogg P. J.: Composites 1990, 21, 503.

[77] Imielińska K., Guillaumat L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 64, 2271.

[78] Shyr T.-W., Pan Y.-H.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 62, 193.

[79] Walker L., Sohn M. S., Hu X.-Z.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 893.

[80] Gu B., Xu J.: Compos. B 2004, 35, 291.

[81] Tanoglu M., Tugrul Seyhan A.: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2003, 23, 1.

[82] Park R., Jang J.: Polym. Test. 2003, 22, 939.

[83] Hammond R. I., ProudW. G., Goldrein H. T., Field J. E.: Int. J. Impact. Eng. 2004, 30, 69.

[84] Nunes L. M., Paciornik S., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2004, 64, 945.

[85] DeLuca E., Prifti J., BetheneyW., Chou S. C.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 1453.

[86] Kim J.-K., Sham M.-L., Sohn M.-S., Hamada H.: Polymer 2001, 42, 7455.

[87] Schoeppner G. A., Abrate S.: Compos. A 2000, 31, 903.

[88] Cartié D. D. R., Irving P. E.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 483.

[89] Larsson F., Svensson L.: Compos. A 2002, 33, 221.

[90] Hosur M. V., Vaidya U. K., Ulven C., Jeelani S.: Compos. Struct. 2004, 64, 455.

[91] Lopresto V., Melito V., Leone C., Caprino G.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66, 206.

[92] Chambers A. R., Mowlem M. C., Dokos L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 1235.

[93] Corum J. M., Battiste R. L., Ruggles-Wrenn M. B.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2003, 63, 755.

[94] Okafor A. C., Otieno A.W., Dutta A., Rao V. S.: Compos. Struct. 2001, 54, 289.

[95] Asp L. E., Juntikka R.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 1478.

[96] Findik F., Tarim N.: Compos. Struct. 2003, 61, 187.

[97] Tarim N., Findik F., Uzun H.: Compos. Struct. 2002, 56, 13.

[98] Zhou G.: Compos. Struct. 1996, 35, 171.

[99] Tai N. H., Yip M. C., Lin J. L.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 1998, 58, 1.

[100] de Freitas M., Reis L.: Compos. Struct. 1998, 42, 365.

[101] Bibo G. A., Hogg P. J., Kemp M.: Composites 1995, 26, 91.

[102] Zhang Z. Y., Richardson M. O.W.: Compos. A 2005, 36, 1073.

[103] Gao S.-L., Kim J.-K.: Compos. A 2001, 32, 775.

[104] Kinsey A., Saunders D. E. J., Soutis C.: Composites 1995, 26, 661.

[105] Luo R. K., Green E. R., Morrison C. J.: Compos. B 2001, 32, 513.

[106] Luo R. K.: Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60, 49.

[107] de Morais W. A., Monteiro S. N., d’Almeida J. R. M.: Compos. Struct. 2005, 67, 307.

[108] Kang K.-W., Kim J.-K.: Compos. A 2004, 35, 529.

[109] Jenq S. T.,Wang S. B., Sheu L. T.: J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 1992, 11, 1127.

[110] Santulli C.:NDT&E International 2001, 34, 531.

[111] Wang S.-X.,Wu L.-Z., Ma L.: Mater. Design. 2010, 31, 118.

[112] Hou J. P., Jerominidis G.: Compos. A2000, 31, 121.

[113] „Materiały Polimerowe ‘2010" (Ed. Spychaj T., Spychaj S.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 105—110.

[114] ”Materiały Polimerowe ‘2010” (Ed. Spychaj T., Spychaj S.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 101—104.

[115] „Inwestycja w wiedzê” (Ed. Błasiak-Grudzień R.), Szczecin 2010, pp. 357—362.

[116] „Polimery i kompozyty konstrukcyjne” (Ed. Wróbel G.), Gliwice 2011, pp. 15—23.

[118] „13th Conference Applied Mechanics 2011” (Ed. Luboš Náhlík), Brno 2011, pp. 15—18.

[119] Barcikowski M., Semczyszyn B.: Kompozyty 2011, 11, 235.

[120] Gibbs & Cox, Inc. Naval Architects and Marine Engineers ”Marine Design Manual For Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics", McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York—Toronto—London 1960.

[121] Królikowski W.: ”Einige Eigenschaften der mischverstärkten Polyester-Konstruktionsplatten, besonders bei Zug- und Kugelschlag-Beanspruchung” I Internationale Tagung über Glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe und Epoxydharze, 22—27.03.1965 Berlin-Adlershof, E 4/1-E 4/12.

Google Scholar

Citing articles via

Statistics

Total abstract views : 0

PDF Downloads : 0