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Hybrid polymer composites dedicated to medical applications as artificial bone
Abstract
This work involved the production of polymer composites based on epoxy resin (EP) for the production of anatomical models, using artificial bone as an example. To obtain appropriate mechanical properties, bone models were made in the shape of cylinders, where the shell was made of an EP-based composition with the addition of selected fillers: calcium carbonate, silica, and perlite, imitating the solid tissue of the bone model. The core of the cylinder (porous soft tissue) was made from developed polyurethane (PUR) foams. Samples for mechanical testing, Rockwell hardness, and static compression testing using the Aramis system were obtained by vacuum casting (VC) into silicone tube molds. The obtained results demonstrated that the type and amount of filler influences the functional properties of the composite. A significant increase in hardness was observed with increasing filler concentration in the composite. The most favorable results were obtained for CaCO3, i.e., increased Rockwell hardness, compressive stress, and Young's modulus. It was also found that a composite containing 35% CaCO3, 4% hydroxyapatite, 4% perlite and 4% silica most closely resembled natural bone. The created models can be used as anatomical models for practical exercises and surgical planning in orthopedics and veterinary medicine.
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