Fizyczne środki spieniające stosowane do poliuretanów

Leszek Wianowski; Anita Białkowska; Lucjan Dobrowolski; Iwona  Zarzyka

doi:10.14314/polimery.2020.2.1

Data publikacji : 2020-12-15

Tom 65 Nr 2 (2020)

Fizyczne środki spieniające stosowane do poliuretanów

Leszek Wianowski Anita Białkowska Lucjan Dobrowolski Iwona Zarzyka

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2020.2.1

Abstrakt

Większość materiałów piankowych to piankowe materiały poliuretanowe, stanowiące
główną grupę wszystkich produkowanych poliuretanów. Z punktu widzenia korzyści technologicznych,
ekonomicznych i ochrony środowiska bardzo istotnym problemem jest dobór odpowiednich
środków porotwórczych. W pracy omówiono rozmaite fizyczne środki spieniające wykorzystywane
do produkcji pianek poliuretanowych. Do podstawowych środków porotwórczych stosowanych
w technologii poliuretanów zalicza się: chlorofluorowęglowodory (CFC), uwodornione fluorowęglowodory
(HFC), uwodornione chlorofluorowęglowodory (HCFC), niskowrzące nasycone i nienasycone
węglowodory, nasycone fluoroetery (HFE) i ditlenek węgla. Omówiono zagadnienia związane z problemem
doboru odpowiedniego środka spieniającego, uwzględniającego jego oddziaływanie na środowisko,
koszty produkcji pianki i wpływ na jej właściwości, w szczególności na termoizolacyjność i palność.

Słowa kluczowe

physical blowing agents ; toxicity ; environmental protection ; heat-insulation properties ; flammability porofory fizyczne ; toksyczność ; ochrona środowiska ; właściwości termoizolacyjne ; palność

Szczegóły

Bibliografia

Wskaźniki

Autorzy

Pobierz pliki

PDF (English)

Zasady cytowania

Wianowski, L., Białkowska, A., Dobrowolski, L., & Zarzyka, I. . (2020). Fizyczne środki spieniające stosowane do poliuretanów. Polimery, 65(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2020.2.1

Bibliografia

Stehr J.: Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe 2015, 68 (12), 812.
Google Scholar

Prociak A., Rokicki G., Ryszkowska J.: „Materiały poliuretanowe”, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2014, p. 82.
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 240 783 A1 (2010).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 064 938 (2011).
Google Scholar

Ashford P.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29-October 1, 1997, pp. 612–625.
Google Scholar

Albouy A., Roux J.D., Mouton D., Wu J.: Cellular Polymers 1998, 17 (2), 75.
Google Scholar

Shankland I.R., Williams D.J., Bogdan M.C., Logsdon P.B.: “60 Years of Polyurethanes” (Eds. Cresta J.E., Eldred E.W.), Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., 1998, pp. 83–100.
Google Scholar

Singh S.N., Costa J.S.: “60 Years of Polyurethanes” (Eds. Cresta J.E., Eldred E.W.), Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., 1998, pp. 239–254.
Google Scholar

Singh S.N., Biesmans G., Karremans M., Randall D.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (1), 75.
Google Scholar

Lee S.T., Ramesh N.S.: “Polymeric Foams. Mechanisms and Materials”, CRC PRESS LLC, Boca, Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400105
Google Scholar

Caprioli G., Bernasconi R., Barettini S. et al.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 301–307.
Google Scholar

Burns S.B., Singh S.N., Bowers J.D.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400102
Google Scholar

Merten A.K., Rotermund U.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 317–328.
Google Scholar

Moore S.E., Ference D.M.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (2), 183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400208
Google Scholar

Biesmans G., Karremans M., Randall D., Singh S.N.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (4), 349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400405
Google Scholar

Seifert H., Wiegemann W., White W. et al.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 524–533.
Google Scholar

Kiso H., Tokumoto K., Tamano Y. et al.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 491–499.
Google Scholar

Albouy A., Roux J.D., Wu J., Mouton D.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 514–523.
Google Scholar

Zipfel L., Krucke W., Borner K. et al.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 176–184.
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 10 017 502 (1998).
Google Scholar

Zhong B., Bowman J.M., Williams D.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp.151–159.
Google Scholar

Kjeldsen P., Scheutz Ch.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2003, Orlando, USA, January 1, 2003, pp. 473–479.
Google Scholar

Kiso H., Tokumoto K., Tamano Y. et al.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2003, Orlando, USA, January 1, 2003, pp. 284–292.
Google Scholar

Miller J.W., Hoffman R.F., Hohl P.C.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 465–474.
Google Scholar

Tsukida N., Sato H., Aoyagi M., Takeyasu H.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 474–483.
Google Scholar

Can. Pat. 101 601 984 (2009).
Google Scholar

Logsdon P.B., Parker L.C., Williams D.J.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 468–473.
Google Scholar

Doerge H.P.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29-October 1, 1997, pp. 484–490.
Google Scholar

Mcgee I.E., Dobransky M.A., Ingold K.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (2), 174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400207
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 002 726 (2004).
Google Scholar

Singh S.N., Burns S.B., Costa J.S., Bonapersona V.: Cellular Polymers 1997, 16 (6), 444.
Google Scholar

Seifert H., Biedermann A., Giesker Ch.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 483–490.
Google Scholar

Seifert H., Biedermann A., Giesker C.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 2003, 39 (5), 417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X03035061
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 002 642 (2004).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 5 788 886 (1998).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 2 004 060 947 (2004).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 002 643 (2004).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 5 716 541 (1998).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 051 671 (2004).
Google Scholar

Burkhart G., Klincke M., Willoughby K.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 505–512.
Google Scholar

Rossitto F.C., Adam N.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 152–158.
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9832 788 (1998).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 174 005 (2010).
Google Scholar

Kraehling H., Zipfel L.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 333–338.
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 010 806 (2004).
Google Scholar

Jarfelt U., Holmgren C., Nilsson S. et al.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 662–664.
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 2 004 081 092 (2004).
Google Scholar

Eur. Pat. 1 445 275 (2004).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 827 145 (1998).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 839 378 (1998).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 174 005 (2010).
Google Scholar

Krueger D.C., Reichel C.J.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1994, 30 (2), 164.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9403000204
Google Scholar

Wu J., Bertelo C., Enaux V.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 2005, 41 (6), 361.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X05055116
Google Scholar

Wu J., Dillon D., Crooker R.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 144, 371.
Google Scholar

Wu J., Bertelo C., Caron L.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2003, Orlando, USA, January 1, 2003, pp. 454–459.
Google Scholar

King J., Latham I., Martin Ch.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 473–481.
Google Scholar

Wheeler I., Crooker R., Wickwire D.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 107–114.
Google Scholar

Modesti M., Lorenzetti A., Basile G.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2001, Greater Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio, September 30–October 3, 2001, pp. 611–613.
Google Scholar

Feighan J., Deschaght J., Magnani F.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 475–482.
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 09 302 125 (1997).
Google Scholar

Takada N., Matsuo S., Tanaka Y., Sekiya A.: Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 1998, 91 (1), 81.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(98)00202-4
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 10 152 573 (1998).
Google Scholar

Takada N., Tamai R., Yamamoto H. et al.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1999, 35 (5), 389.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9903500502
Google Scholar

World Meteorological Organization, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Geneva, Switzerland 2002.
Google Scholar

Sekiya A., Misaki S.: ChemTech 1996, 26, 44.
Google Scholar

Matsuo S., Tanaka Y., Tanada N. et al.: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 1998, 43, 473.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1021/je9702854
Google Scholar

Perkins R., Cusco L., Howley J. et al.: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 2001, 46, 428.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1021/je990337k
Google Scholar

Tsai W.T.: Journal of Hazardous Materials 2005, 119, 69.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.12.018
Google Scholar

Doerge H.P.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 1998, 34 (1), 91.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X9803400106
Google Scholar

Dobransky M.A.: Conference Proceedings of Polyurethanes EXPO 2003, Orlando, USA, January 1, 2003, pp. 37–41.
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 050 495 (2004).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 099 788 (2004).
Google Scholar

Lyon T.J., Riley R.E.: Journal of Cellular Plastics 2003, 39 (3), 239.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021955X03039003004
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 842 764 (1998).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 827 132 (1998).
Google Scholar

DE Pat. 19 639 334 (A1) (1996).
Google Scholar

Leyrer U., Polke D.: Kunststoffe 1998, 88 (2), 235.
Google Scholar

Fryn W.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 159–161.
Google Scholar

US Pat. 2 004 126 564 (2004).
Google Scholar

Eur. Pat. 864 601 (1998).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 2 004 147 627 (2004).
Google Scholar

Niarchos E.C., Gonul T., Ozkadi F.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 491–496.
Google Scholar

Nozawa K., Aratani H., Hayashi O., Shibata M.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 500–507.
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 113 635 (2010).
Google Scholar

Wu J., Dillon D., Crooker R.: Proceedings of Polyurethanes Conference 2002, Grand America, Hotel Salt Lake City, Uta, October 13–16, 2002, pp. 144–150.
Google Scholar

US Pat. 5 723 509 (1998).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 09 303 947 (1997).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 10 182 776 (1998).
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 2 004 027 074 (2004).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 124 757 (2011).
Google Scholar

Additives for Polymers 2011, 2011 (3), 4.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3747(11)70041-0
Google Scholar

Additives for Polymers 2009, 2009 (6), 3.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3747(09)70096-X
Google Scholar

http://www51.honeywell.com/sm/lgwp-uk/common/documents/FP_LGWP_UK_
Google Scholar

Honeywell-HFO-1234ze_Literature_document.pdf.
Google Scholar

Additives for Polymers 2009, 2009 (5), 3.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3747(09)70078-8
Google Scholar

US Pat. 0 152 392 (2011).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 050 017 (2011).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 110 927 (2010).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 110 926(2009).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 110 925 (2009).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 061 557 (2009).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 076 260 (2009).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 076 120 (2009).
Google Scholar

Weber H.G., Thiele W., Rasshofer W. et al.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 287–291.
Google Scholar

Goto J., Sasaki K., Mashiko S. et al.: Proceedings of the Polyurethanes World Congress 1997, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 29–October 1, 1997, pp. 17–21.
Google Scholar

JP Pat. 10 067 877 (1998).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 2 004 054 779 (2004).
Google Scholar

DE Pat. 19 627 065 (1998).
Google Scholar

US Pat. 2 004 059 012 (2004).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 804 606 (1998).
Google Scholar

Eur. Pat. 854 159 (1998).
Google Scholar

WO Pat. 9 837 116 (1998).
Google Scholar

Hashida T., Ueno T., Nakamoto H., Suzuki M.: High Performance Polymers 1998, 10 (1), 81.
Google Scholar

https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/10/1/010
Google Scholar

US Pat. 2 004 138 318 (2004).
Google Scholar

Wskaźniki altmetryczne

Cytowania w Google Scholar

Statystyki

Total abstract views : 0

PDF Downloads : 0

Leszek Wianowski

Anita Białkowska

Lucjan Dobrowolski

Iwona Zarzyka izarzyka@prz.edu.pl